Structure for estimating power consumption of integrated circuitry

ABSTRACT

A design structure is embodied in a machine readable medium for designing, manufacturing, or testing integrated circuitry. The design structure includes first hardware for executing first software in response to macros that describe the integrated circuitry, and for generating a set of constants in response to the execution of the first software. Second hardware is for receiving the set of constants from the first hardware, and for executing second software in response to the macros and the set of constants, and for estimating a power consumption of the integrated circuitry in response to the execution of the second software.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part ofco-owned co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/530,100, filedSep. 8, 2006, by Chaudhry et al., entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FORESTIMATING POWER CONSUMPTION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITRY, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosures herein relate in general to a design structure, and inparticular to a design structure for estimating power consumption ofintegrated circuitry.

BACKGROUND

In very large scale integration (“VLSI”) designs of integratedcircuitry, power consumption is a significant factor. For example, powerconsumption has a direct impact on battery life, heat dissipation,packaging requirements, and other design criteria for systems thatinclude such integrated circuitry. Generally, a lower power consumptionis desirable. Accordingly, previous techniques have been developed formodeling designs of integrated circuitry, including previous techniquesfor estimating power consumption of such integrated circuitry.

Nevertheless, a need has arisen for a design structure for estimatingpower consumption of integrated circuitry, in which various shortcomingsof previous techniques are overcome. For example, a need has arisen fora design structure for estimating power consumption of integratedcircuitry, in which power consumption is estimated with higherefficiency and accuracy.

SUMMARY

A design structure is embodied in a machine readable medium fordesigning, manufacturing, or testing integrated circuitry. The designstructure includes first hardware for executing first software inresponse to macros that describe the integrated circuitry, and forgenerating a set of constants in response to the execution of the firstsoftware. Second hardware is for receiving the set of constants from thefirst hardware, and for executing second software in response to themacros and the set of constants, and for estimating a power consumptionof the integrated circuitry in response to the execution of the secondsoftware.

A principal advantage of this embodiment is that various shortcomings ofprevious techniques are overcome. For example, a principal advantage ofthis embodiment is that power consumption is estimated with higherefficiency and accuracy.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a representative computing system,according to the illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a macro model, according to theillustrative embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an illustrative graph of power as a function of switchingfactor.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a representative macro power calculatorblock of special purpose emulator hardware of the representativecomputing system, according to the illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of change detect logic of the representativemacro power calculator block of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of clock state detect logic of therepresentative macro power calculator block of FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a representative interconnect block of thespecial purpose emulator hardware, according to the illustrativeembodiment.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of a design process used in semiconductordesign, manufacture and/or test.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a representative information handlingsystem (“IHS”) 100, according to the illustrative embodiment. In theexample of FIG. 1, the IHS 100 operates in association with a human user102. The IHS 100 is formed by various electronic circuitry components,including: (a) a general purpose computer 104, such as a workstation orserver, for executing and otherwise processing instructions, and forperforming additional operations (e.g., communicating information) inresponse thereto, as discussed further hereinbelow; (b) input devices106 for receiving information from the user 102; (c) a display device108 (e.g., a conventional flat panel monitor) for displaying informationto the user 102; (d) a print device 110 (e.g., a conventional electronicprinter or plotter) for printing visual images on paper; (e) acomputer-readable medium (or apparatus) 112 (e.g., a hard disk drive orother nonvolatile storage device) for storing information; (f) aportable computer-readable medium (or apparatus) 114 (e.g., a removableflash memory card or CD-ROM) for storing information; (g) specialpurpose emulator hardware 116 for simulating operations of integratedcircuitry, as discussed further hereinbelow in connection with FIGS.2-7; and (h) various other electronic circuitry for performing otheroperations of the IHS 100.

For example, the computer 104 includes: (a) a network interface (e.g.,circuitry) for communicating between the computer 104 and a network(e.g., outputting information to, and receiving information from, thenetwork), such as by transferring information (e.g. instructions, data,signals) between the computer 104 and the network; and (b) a memorydevice (e.g., random access memory (“RAM”) device and/or read onlymemory (“ROM”) device) for storing information (e.g., instructions ofsoftware executed by the computer 104, and data processed by thecomputer 104 in response to such instructions). Accordingly, in theexample of FIG. 1, the computer 104 is connected to a network, the inputdevices 106, the display device 108, the print device 110, thecomputer-readable medium 112, and the computer-readable medium 114, asshown in FIG. 1.

In response to signals from the computer 104, the display device 108displays visual images, which represent information, and the user 102views such visual images. Moreover, the user 102 operates the inputdevices 106 to output information to the computer 104, and the computer104 receives such information from the input devices 106. Also, inresponse to signals from the computer 104, the print device 110 printsvisual images on paper, and the user 102 views such visual images.

The input devices 106 include, for example, a conventional electronickeyboard (or keypad) and a pointing device, such as a conventionalelectronic “mouse,” rollerball or light pen. The user 102 operates thekeyboard (or keypad) to output alphanumeric text information to thecomputer 104, which receives such alphanumeric text information. Theuser 102 operates the pointing device to output cursor-controlinformation to the computer 104, and the computer 104 receives suchcursor-control information. The input devices 106 also include, forexample, touch-sensitive circuitry of a liquid crystal display (“LCD”)device.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a macro model, indicated generally at 200,according to the illustrative embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the macromodel 200 includes a macro 202, multiple data inputs 204, multiplecontrol inputs 206, and multiple outputs 208. The data inputs 204, thecontrol inputs 206, and the outputs 208 are multiple ports, to which themacro 202 is figuratively connected. The macro 202 is aregister-transfer level description (“RTL”) of integrated circuitry,such as a VERILOG description or VHDL description of integratedcircuitry.

In the illustrative embodiment, the macro 202 is RTL of a relativelysmall portion (e.g., an integrated circuitry latch) of larger integratedcircuitry (e.g., a microprocessor). Accordingly, the macro 202 is arepresentative example of numerous macros, which together form RTL ofthe larger integrated circuitry. Accordingly, the macro 202 isfiguratively connected to one or more of the numerous macros, throughthe data inputs 204, the control inputs 206, and the outputs 208. TheIHS 100 executes software for simulating operations (which are describedby the numerous macros) of the integrated circuitry, in response to thenumerous macros.

For the integrated circuitry that is described by the example macro 202,a switching factor (per clock cycle of the integrated circuitry'soperation) is a percentage of signals (e.g., as simulated from the datainputs 204 and from the control inputs 206) that toggle after animmediately preceding clock cycle of the integrated circuitry'soperation. For example, if one-half of the signals toggle, then theswitching factor is fifty percent (50%). Generally, if switching factorincreases, then power consumption increases.

Moreover, if clock activity increases, then power consumption increases.For example, if all clock drivers in the integrated circuitry are activeduring a clock cycle of the integrated circuitry's operation, then clockactivity is 100% during such clock cycle. By comparison, if no clockdrivers in the integrated circuitry are active during a clock cycle ofthe integrated circuitry's operation, then clock activity is 0% duringsuch clock cycle. Similarly, if m of N clock drivers in the integratedcircuitry are active during a clock cycle of the integrated circuitry'soperation, then clock activity is (m/N 100)% during such clock cycle,where N is a total number (e.g., a total weighted number) of clockdrivers in the integrated circuitry. Accordingly, clock activity (perclock cycle of the integrated circuitry's operation) is a measure ofcapacitive load that is driven in the integrated circuitry during suchclock cycle.

FIG. 3 is an illustrative graph of power consumption P as a function ofswitching factor SF for the example macro 202. As shown in FIG. 3: (a) aP_(clk0) line represents power P as a function of switching factor SF,in a situation where clock activity CLK=0%; and (b) a P_(clk100) linerepresents power P as a function of switching factor SF, in a situationwhere clock activity CLK=100%.

Per macro (and, accordingly, for the integrated circuitry that isdescribed by such macro), general purpose processor (“GPP”) hardware ofthe computer 104 generates a respective energy model. In suchgeneration, the computer 104 executes first software (e.g., simulationprogram with integrated circuit emphasis, a/k/a “SPICE”) for estimatinga power consumption P (of the integrated circuitry that is described bysuch macro) at various representative combinations of switching factorSF and clock activity CLK (e.g., at representative switching factors of0%, 50% and 100%, and at representative clock activities of 0% and100%), in multiple clock cycles of the integrated circuitry's simulatedoperation. Such estimates (at the representative combinations ofswitching factor SF and clock activity CLK) together form such macro'srespective sample energy information. In one embodiment, the computer104 selects the representative combinations of switching factor SF andclock activity CLK in response to estimates by the computer 104 of theintegrated circuitry's average switching factor, average clock activity,and average power consumption.

For example, the computer 104 executes the first software for estimatingsuch power consumption P(C): (a) at SF=0% and CLK=0%, in a first clockcycle C=1 of the integrated circuitry's simulated operation; (b) atSF=0% and CLK=100%, in a second clock cycle C=2 of the integratedcircuitry's simulated operation; (c) at SF=50% and CLK=0%, in a thirdclock cycle C=3 of the integrated circuitry's simulated operation; (d)at SF=50% and CLK=100%, in a fourth clock cycle C=4 of the integratedcircuitry's simulated operation; (e) at SF=100% and CLK=0%, in a fifthclock cycle C=5 of the integrated circuitry's simulated operation; and(f) at SF=100% and CLK=100%, in a sixth clock cycle C=6 of theintegrated circuitry's simulated operation.

Subsequently, the special purpose emulator hardware 116 (e.g., ahardware acceleration emulator board) executes second software forestimating the power consumption (of the integrated circuitry that isdescribed by such macro) at other combinations of switching factor andclock activity (e.g., other than the representative combinations ofswitching factor and clock activity), by interpolation and/orextrapolation in response to such macro's respective sample energyinformation (e.g., according to a variety of linear and/or non-linearinterpolation and/or extrapolation techniques, such a least squarefitting and splines). Such macro's respective sample energy information,along with such interpolation and/or extrapolation techniques for suchmacro, together form such macro's respective energy model. Relative toexecution of the first software, such execution of the second softwareis less complex, less time-consuming and less computationally intensive.

Even if the integrated circuitry's design is adjusted (e.g., by a humandesigner and/or by the IHS 100 executing automated design software), theexample macro 202 is likewise adjustable, so that the example macro 202continues to describe the integrated circuitry's adjusted design. Inthat manner, the special purpose emulator hardware 116 estimates thepower consumption (of the integrated circuitry that is described by suchmacro) with more accuracy under a variety of conditions (e.g., adjusteddesigns of the integrated circuitry), so that: (a) the estimated powerconsumption under such variety of conditions is subject to comparisonwith more accuracy; and (b) in response to such comparison, one or moreof such conditions are selectable (e.g., by a human designer and/or bythe IHS 100 executing automated design software) to achieve a reductionof such power consumption, earlier in the integrated circuitry'sdevelopment, thereby increasing a level of efficiency and accuracy insuch development (e.g., fewer iterations, and shorter development time).

Per macro (and, accordingly, for the integrated circuitry that isdescribed by such macro), the special purpose emulator hardware 116executes the second software for estimating power consumption P(C) as alinear function of switching factor SF and clock activity CLK, whereP(C) is power consumption (of the integrated circuitry that is describedby such macro) in a clock cycle C of the integrated circuitry'ssimulated operation, such thatP(C)=P_(clk0)(SF)+(P_(clk100)(SF)−P_(clk0)(SF))•CLK, where:

(a) P_(clk0)(SF) is the estimated power consumption at switching factorSF when clock activity CLK=0%; and

(b) P_(clk100)(SF) is the estimated power consumption at switchingfactor SF when clock activity CLK=100%.

In the illustrative embodiment, the special purpose emulator hardware116 executes the second software for estimating P_(clk0)(SF) andP_(clk100)(SF) by linear interpolation and/or linear extrapolation ofsuch macro's respective sample energy information (which was previouslyestimated by the computer 104 executing the first software, as discussedfurther hereinabove). In an alternative embodiment, the special purposeemulator hardware 116 executes the second software for estimatingP_(clk0)(SF) and P_(clk100)(SF) by non-linear interpolation and/ornon-linear extrapolation techniques, in response to such macro'srespective sample energy information.

P_(clk0max)=P_(clk0)(100)=P_(clk0)(SF) at SF=1.0 (which is a decimalrepresentation of 100%).

P_(clk100min)=P_(clk100)(0)=P_(clk100)(SF) at SF=0.0 (which is a decimalrepresentation of 0%).

P_(clk100max)=P_(clk100)(100)=P_(clk100)(SF) at SF=1.0.

If P_(clk0)(SF) is a linear function of switching factor SF, thenP_(clk0)(SF)=P_(clk0max)•SF, where SF is a decimal representation of theswitching factor in a clock cycle of the integrated circuitry'ssimulated operation.

Similarly, if P_(clk100)(SF) is a linear function of switching factorSF, then P_(clk100)(SF)=P_(clk100min)+P_(clk100max)•SF, where SF is adecimal representation of the switching factor in a clock cycle of theintegrated circuitry's simulated operation.

By substitution, P(C)=P_(clk0)(SF)+(P_(clk100)(SF)−P_(clk0)(SF))•CLK isrewritten asP(C)=P_(clk0max)•SF+(P_(clk100min)+P_(clk100max)•SF−P_(clk0max)•SF)•CLK,which is rearranged as:

P(C)=P_(clk0max)•SF+CLK•(P_(clk100min)+(P_(clk100max)−P_(clk0max))•SF).

For the integrated circuitry that is described by the example macro 202:(a) a value NUMSF (per clock cycle of the integrated circuitry'soperation) is a number of signals (e.g., as simulated from the datainputs 204 and from the control inputs 206) that toggle after animmediately preceding clock cycle of the integrated circuitry'soperation; and (b) a value TOTSF is a total number of all signals fromthe data inputs 204 and from the control inputs 206, irrespective ofwhether such signals toggle after an immediately preceding clock cycleof the integrated circuitry's operation. Accordingly, SF=NUMSF/TOTSF.

Similarly, for the integrated circuitry that is described by the examplemacro 202: (a) a value NUMCLK (per clock cycle of the integratedcircuitry's operation) is a number (e.g., a total weighted number) ofclock drivers in the integrated circuitry that are active during suchclock cycle; and (b) a value TOTCLK is a total number (e.g., a totalweighted number) of all clock drivers in the integrated circuitry,irrespective of whether such clock drivers are active during such clockcycle. Accordingly, CLK=NUMCLK/TOTCLK.

In one embodiment, such numbers of signals from the data inputs 204 andfrom the control inputs 206 are weighted, so that the special purposeemulator hardware 116 selectively attributes different weights to one ormore of such signals, in order to more accurately model the respectiveeffects of such signals on the values of NUMSF and TOTSF. Similarly, inone embodiment, such numbers of clock drivers in the integratedcircuitry are weighted, so that the special purpose emulator hardware116 selectively attributes different weights to one or more of suchclock drivers, in order to more accurately model the respective effectsof such clock drivers on the values of NUMCLK and TOTCLK.

By substitution,P(C)=P_(clk0max)•SF+CLK•(P_(clk100min)+(P_(clk100max)−P_(clk0max))•SF)is rewritten as:

P(C)=P_(clk0max)•(NUMSF/TOTSF)+(NUMCLK/TOTCLK)•(P_(clk100min)+[(P_(clk100max)−P_(clk0max))•(NUMSF/TOTSF)]).

In such estimation of P(C) for the integrated circuitry that isdescribed per macro (e.g., macro 202): (a) the variables (per clockcycle of the integrated circuitry's simulated operation) are NUMSF andNUMCLK; and (b) the other values are constant per macro. Accordingly,the following values are constant per macro:

ConstA=(P_(clk0max)/TOTSF);

ConstB=(P_(clk100max)−P_(clk0max))/(TOTCLK•TOTSF); and

ConstC=(P_(clk100min)/TOTCLK).

By substitution,P(C)=P_(clk0max)•(NUMSF/TOTSF)+(NUMCLK/TOTCLK)•(P_(clk100min)+[(P_(clk100max)−P_(clk0max))•(NUMSF/TOTSF)])is rewritten as:

P(C)=ConstA•NUMSF+NUMCLK•(ConstB•NUMSF+ConstC).

Accordingly, per macro (e.g., macro 202), the IHS 100 generates (e.g.,precalculates) such macro's respective ConstA, ConstB and ConstC, withGPP hardware of the computer 104, which outputs such macro's respectiveConstA, ConstB and ConstC to the special purpose emulator hardware 116.The special purpose emulator hardware 116 is a special purposecomputational resource that is coupled to the computer 104, as discussedfurther hereinbelow in connection with FIGS. 4-7. From the computer 104,the special purpose emulator hardware 116 receives and stores suchmacro's respective ConstA, ConstB and ConstC.

Per macro, and per clock cycle C of the integrated circuitry's simulatedoperation, the special purpose emulator hardware 116 (in response to itsexecution of the second software): (a) simulates such operation of theintegrated circuitry as described by such macro and, in responsethereto, generates NUMSF and NUMCLK of such clock cycle C for suchmacro; and (b) calculates P(C) in response to (i) such macro'srespective ConstA, ConstB and ConstC, and (ii) such clock cycle C'sNUMSF and NUMCLK for such macro. The special purpose emulator hardware116 performs such calculation according toP(C)=ConstA•NUMSF+NUMCLK•(ConstB•NUMSF+ConstC). Accordingly, the specialpurpose emulator hardware 116 performs such calculation withoutdivision, so that the special purpose emulator hardware 116 performssuch calculation at higher speed with fixed point adders andmultipliers.

Moreover, the special purpose emulator hardware 116 performs suchoperations and calculation: (a) with increased speed, relative to analternative in which such operations and calculation are performed byexecution of higher-level software (e.g., higher-level RTL simulatorsoftware) with a general purpose computational resource (e.g., the GPPhardware of the computer 104); and (b) without sacrificing accuracy,relative to such alternative. Accordingly, with the special purposeemulator hardware 116, the IHS 100 performs such operations andcalculation, while allocating a smaller amount of general purposecomputational resource for such performance. With the increased speed,the IHS 100 estimates power consumption with more efficiency for: (a)computationally intensive simulations of realistic workloads (e.g.,simulations of booting an operating system, and simulations ofmulti-chip system-level applications); and (b) formal verification ofthe numerous macros for which power consumption is estimated (e.g.,formal verification to solve formal proofs of estimated powerconsumption thresholds, such as peak estimated power consumption orchange in estimated power consumption).

In the illustrative embodiment, the macro 202 is RTL of a relativelysmall portion (e.g., an integrated circuitry latch) of larger integratedcircuitry (e.g., a microprocessor). Accordingly, the macro 202 is arepresentative example of numerous macros, which together form RTL ofthe larger integrated circuitry. Also, in the illustrative embodiment,the operations (e.g., generation of NUMSF and NUMCLK, and calculation ofP(C) in response thereto) and interconnection structures of the secondsoftware (which is executed by the special purpose emulator hardware116) are described by a hardware description language (“HDL”), such asRTL, which is: (a) combined (e.g., linked and/or integrated) togetherwith the numerous macros; and (b) executed by the special purposeemulator hardware 116 to perform (i) such operations and (ii) theoperations of the numerous macros. In that manner, operations of thesecond software are more readily enhanced to include additionalfunctions, such as: (a) thermal hot-spot detection of specific macroswhose estimated power consumption is especially high; (b) calculation ofpeak estimated power consumption for specified partitions of thenumerous macros and/or for all of the numerous macros aggregately; and(c) calculation of average estimated power consumption for specifiedpartitions of the numerous macros and/or for all of the numerous macrosaggregately.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a representative macro power calculatorblock (“MPCB”) of the special purpose emulator hardware 116, accordingto the illustrative embodiment. In the example of FIG. 4, the MPCB isdedicated to a single macro (e.g., macro 202), which is figurativelyconnected to: (a) a clock input Clk; (b) multiple ports (e.g., the datainputs 204 and the control inputs 206); and (c) outputs (e.g., theoutputs 208).

As shown by a Storage element in FIG. 4, the special purpose emulatorhardware 116 stores a total estimated power consumption for the macro(and, accordingly, for the integrated circuitry that is described bysuch macro), aggregately for all clock cycles of the integratedcircuitry's simulated operation. After completing a number of clockcycles of the integrated circuitry's simulated operation, the specialpurpose emulator hardware 116 calculates an average (per clock cycle)estimated power consumption for the macro (and, accordingly, for theintegrated circuitry that is described by such macro), by dividing suchtotal estimated power consumption by such number of clock cycles. Beforethe first clock cycle of the integrated circuitry's simulated operation,the special purpose emulator hardware 116 initializes the Storageelement's stored total estimated power consumption for the macro, sothat such stored total estimated power consumption has an initial valueof zero.

Per clock cycle C (as indicated by logic states of the clock input Clk)of the integrated circuitry's simulated operation, the special purposeemulator hardware 116 (in response to its execution of the secondsoftware):

(a) simulates operations of the integrated circuitry as described by themacro, in response to then-current logic states of the multiple ports(e.g., then-current logic states of the data inputs 204 and the controlinputs 206);

(b) in response thereto, modifies then-current logic states of theoutputs (e.g., then-current logic states of the outputs 208);

(c) with Change Detect logic, generates NUMSF, in response to: (i)then-current logic states of the multiple ports; and (ii) the logicstates of such ports in a previous clock cycle C-1 of the integratedcircuitry's simulated operation;

(d) with Clock State Detect logic, generates NUMCLK, in response to anumber of clock drivers (in the simulated operation of the integratedcircuitry as described by the macro) that are active during clock cycleC;

(e) with the MPCB, calculates P(C)=ConstA•NUMSF+NUMCLK.(ConstB•NUMSF+ConstC) by: (i) as shown by a first fixed point multiplierin FIG. 4, multiplying ConstA and NUMSF; (ii) as shown by a second fixedpoint multiplier in FIG. 4, multiplying ConstB and NUMSF; (iii) as shownby a first fixed point adder in FIG. 4, adding ConstC to the secondfixed point multiplier's resulting product of ConstB•NUMSF; (iv) asshown by a third fixed point multiplier in FIG. 4, multiplying NUMCLKand the first fixed point adder's resulting sum of(ConstB•NUMSF+ConstC); and (v) as shown by a second fixed point adder inFIG. 4, adding the first fixed point multiplier's resulting product ofConstA•NUMSF and the third fixed point multiplier's resulting product ofNUMCLK•(ConstB•NUMSF+ConstC) and the Storage element's stored totalestimated power consumption for the macro; and

(f) as shown by the Storage element in FIG. 4, stores the second fixedpoint adder's resulting sum, as an updated value of the Storageelement's stored total estimated power consumption for the macro, sothat (in a next clock cycle C+1 of the integrated circuitry's simulatedoperation) such updated value is the then-current total estimated powerconsumption for the macro, aggregately for all clock cycles of theintegrated circuitry's simulated operation.

In a next clock cycle C+1 of the integrated circuitry's simulatedoperation, then-current logic states of the outputs (e.g., then-currentlogic states of the outputs 208) serve as then-current logic states ofother ports to one or more of the other numerous macros. The ChangeDetect logic, Clock State Detect logic, MPCB and Storage element operatein response to logic states of the clock input Clk, although for clarityFIG. 4 does not show all such connections to the clock input Clk.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the Change Detect logic of FIG. 4. TheChange Detect logic is customizable for each macro. With the ChangeDetect logic, the special purpose emulator hardware 116 generates NUMSF,in response to: (a) then-current logic states of the multiple ports; and(b) the logic states of such ports in a previous clock cycle C-1 of theintegrated circuitry's simulated operation, as stored by Previous StateLatches (one 1-bit Previous State Latch per port). As shown in FIG. 5,per clock cycle C (as indicated by logic states of the clock input Clk)of the integrated circuitry's simulated operation, the special purposeemulator hardware 116 (in response to its execution of the secondsoftware):

(a) per port, performs a respective exclusive-OR (“XOR”) operation, inresponse to: (i) such port's then-current logic state; and (ii) suchport's logic state in a previous clock cycle C-1 of the integratedcircuitry's simulated operation, as stored by such port's respectivePrevious State Latch;

(b) as shown by such port's respective Previous State Latch in FIG. 5,stores such port's then-current logic state, so that such logic state isavailable for such XOR operation in a next clock cycle C+1 of theintegrated circuitry's simulated operation; and

(c) as shown by a fixed point adder in FIG. 5, adds the results of suchXOR operations for all of the multiple ports.

In such clock cycle C, the fixed point adder's resulting sum is NUMSFfor the macro, as shown in FIG. 5. For example, if a port's then-currentlogic state=0 in such clock cycle C, and if such port's logic state=0 inthe previous clock cycle C-1 as stored by such port's respectivePrevious State Latch, then the result of such XOR operation for suchport is 0. Similarly, if a port's then-current logic state=1 in suchclock cycle C, and if such port's logic state=1 in the previous clockcycle C-1 as stored by such port's respective Previous State Latch, thenthe result of such XOR operation for such port is 0. Or, if a port'sthen-current logic state in such clock cycle C is different from suchport's logic state in the previous clock cycle C-1 as stored by suchport's respective Previous State Latch, then the result of such XORoperation for such port is 1.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of Clock State Detect logic of FIG. 4. TheClock State Detect logic is customizable for each macro. As shown inFIG. 6, the macro includes RTL of clock drivers (namely, Clock Driver₀through Clock Driver_(n), where n+1 is a number of such clock drivers)in the integrated circuitry that is described by such macro. Further, asshown in FIG. 6, per clock cycle C (as indicated by logic states of theclock input Clk) of the integrated circuitry's simulated operation, thespecial purpose emulator hardware 116 (in response to its execution ofthe second software):

(a) per clock driver, as shown by such clock driver's respectivemultiplexer in FIG. 6, generates a value in response to whether a logicstate of such clock driver's respective clock gate active line is 0(which indicates that such clock driver is inactive in such clock cycleC) or 1 (which indicates that such clock driver is active in such clockcycle C); and

(b) as shown by a fixed point adder in FIG. 6, adds such values from allof such multiplexers.

In such clock cycle C, the fixed point adder's resulting sum is NUMCLKfor the macro, as shown in FIG. 6. For example, if the logic state ofsuch clock driver's respective clock gate active line is 0 (whichindicates that such clock driver is inactive in such clock cycle C), thespecial purpose emulator hardware 116 multiplexes a 0 value to the fixedpoint adder. Conversely, if the logic state of such clock driver'srespective clock gate active line is 1 (which indicates that such clockdriver is active in such clock cycle C), the special purpose emulatorhardware 116 multiplexes such clock driver's respective Weight_(d) valueto the fixed point adder, where d is such clock driver's respectivenumber, ranging from 0 through n (e.g., Weight₀ for Clock Driver₀). Inthat manner, the clock drivers in the integrated circuitry are weighted,so that the special purpose emulator hardware 116 selectively attributesdifferent weights to one or more of such clock drivers, in order to moreaccurately model the respective effects of such clock drivers on thevalues of NUMCLK and TOTCLK. Per macro, the values of Weight₀ throughWeight_(N) are constant, as specified in the HDL that describes theoperations and interconnection structures of the special purposeemulator hardware 116.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a representative interconnect block, namelyInterconnect Block₀, of the special purpose emulator hardware 116. Inthe example of FIG. 7, the MPCB of the Interconnect Block₀ is dedicatedto a subset of the numerous macros, instead of merely to a single macro;but otherwise, the MPCB of the Interconnect Block₀ is the same as theMPCB of FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 7, the subset of the numerous macros(to which the MPCB of the Interconnect Block₀ is dedicated) includes aMacro₀₀ through a Macro_(0a), where a+1 is a number of macros in thesubset.

The special purpose emulator hardware 116 implements the interconnectionstructure of FIG. 7 if the numerous macros are so many that storagespace in the special purpose emulator hardware 116 is insufficient todedicate a respective MPCB per macro. As shown in FIG. 7, each macro isassociated with: (a) a respective Change Detect logic for generatingsuch macro's respective NUMSF; (b) a respective Clock State Detect logicfor generating such macro's respective NUMCLK; and (c) a respectiveLatch for storing such macro's respective ConstA, ConstB and ConstC. InFIG. 7, a respective clock input Calc Clk (for the Interconnect Block₀)has a signal whose frequency is a+1 times greater than a frequency ofClk's signal. Accordingly, per clock cycle C (as indicated by logicstates of the clock input Clk) of the integrated circuitry's simulatedoperation, Calc Clk (for the Interconnect Block₀) has a+1 cycles.

In a cycle 0 of Calc Clk within clock cycle C, a counter of theInterconnect Block0 has a value of 0, which specifies that the specialpurpose emulator hardware 116 (in response to its execution of thesecond software):

(a) as shown by a switch of the Interconnect Block₀, multiplexes: (i)the respective NUMSF of the Macro₀₀ to the MPCB of the InterconnectBlock₀; (ii) the respective NUMCLK of the Macro₀₀ to the MPCB of theInterconnect Block₀; and (iii) the respective ConstA, ConstB and ConstCof the Macro₀₀ to the MPCB of the Interconnect Block₀; and

(b) as shown by a Storage element of the Interconnect Block₀,multiplexes: (i) the respective stored total estimated power consumptionfor the Macro₀₀ to the MPCB of the Interconnect Block₀; and (ii) thesecond fixed point adder's resulting sum (discussed hereinabove inconnection with FIG. 4) from the MPCB of the Interconnect Block₀, as anupdated value of the Storage element's respective stored total estimatedpower consumption for the Macro₀₀, so that (in a next clock cycle C+1 ofthe integrated circuitry's simulated operation) such updated value isthe then-current total estimated power consumption for the Macro₀₀,aggregately for all clock cycles of the integrated circuitry's simulatedoperation.

Similarly, in a cycle q of Calc Clk (where q is a macro's respectivenumber, ranging from 0 through a within the Interconnect Block₀) withinclock cycle C, a counter of the Interconnect Block₀ has a value of q,which specifies that the special purpose emulator hardware 116 (inresponse to its execution of the second software):

(a) as shown by a switch of the Interconnect Block₀, multiplexes: (i)the respective NUMSF of the Macro_(0q) to the MPCB of the InterconnectBlock₀; (ii) the respective NUMCLK of the Macro_(0q) to the MPCB of theInterconnect Block₀; and (iii) the respective ConstA, ConstB and ConstCof the Macro_(0q) to the MPCB of the Interconnect Block₀; and

(b) as shown by a Storage element of the Interconnect Block₀,multiplexes: (i) the respective stored total estimated power consumptionfor the Macro_(0q) to the MPCB of the Interconnect Block₀; and (ii) thesecond fixed point adder's resulting sum (discussed hereinabove inconnection with FIG. 4) from the MPCB of the Interconnect Block₀, as anupdated value of the Storage element's respective stored total estimatedpower consumption for the Macro_(0q), so that (in a next clock cycle C+1of the integrated circuitry's simulated operation) such updated value isthe then-current total estimated power consumption for the Macro_(0q),aggregately for all clock cycles of the integrated circuitry's simulatedoperation.

After a cycle a of Calc Clk (for the Interconnect Block₀) within clockcycle C, the counter operation repeats, starting with a cycle 0 of CalcClk within a next clock cycle C+1.

As shown in the example of FIG. 7, the special purpose emulator hardware116 implements additional interconnect blocks (namely, InterconnectBlock₁ through Interconnect Block_(N), where N+1 is a total number ofinterconnect blocks that are implemented by the special purpose emulatorhardware 116). Interconnect Block₀ is a representative example of suchinterconnect blocks, but such interconnect blocks are respectivelyassociated with potentially different numbers of macros (to which suchinterconnect blocks' MPCBs are respectively dedicated).

For example, even if the respective MPCB of the Interconnect Block₁ isdedicated to a+1 macros, the respective MPCB of the Interconnect Block₁is dedicated to b+1 macros, where a and b are potentially differentnumbers. In such a situation: (a) a respective clock input Calc Clk (forthe Interconnect Block₁) has a signal whose frequency is b+1 timesgreater than a frequency of Clk's signal; (b) accordingly, per clockcycle C (as indicated by logic states of the clock input Clk) of theintegrated circuitry's simulated operation, Calc Clk (for theInterconnect Block₁) has b+1 cycles; and (c) after a cycle b of Calc Clk(for the Interconnect Block₁) within clock cycle C, the counteroperation repeats, starting with a cycle 0 of Calc Clk within a nextclock cycle C+1. The clock input Clk is distinguished from Calc Clk, inthat the frequency and logic states of the clock input Clk are the samefor all of the interconnect blocks in FIG. 7 (namely, InterconnectBlock₀ through Interconnect Block_(N)).

In one example, the special purpose emulator hardware 116 wasimplemented as a single ET4×4 accelerator board with a VHDL descriptionof approximately 5,000 MPCBs that were respectively dedicated toapproximately 5,000 macros. If such a scale is maintained for thespecial purpose emulator hardware 116 to estimate power consumption of amicroprocessor that is described by approximately 32,000 macros, thespecial purpose emulator hardware 116 would be implemented as: (a) sevenET4×4 accelerator boards, without the interconnection blocks of FIG. 7;or (b) six or fewer ET4×4 accelerator boards, with the interconnectionblocks of FIG. 7. Also, if such a scale is maintained for the specialpurpose emulator hardware 116 to be implemented as a single ET4×4accelerator board having a frequency of approximately 400 kHz: (a) a16:1 macros-to-interconnection block ratio would result in a clock inputClk frequency of approximately 25 kHz, which would permit the Calc Clkfrequency to be approximately 400 kHz, in accordance with such 16:1ratio; and (b) within a number of seconds, the single ET4×4 acceleratorboard would be capable of estimating power consumption of amicroprocessor that is described by approximately 32,000 macros.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the computer 104 and the computer-readablemedium 114 are structurally and functionally interrelated with oneanother, as described further hereinbelow. In that regard, thecomputer-readable medium 114 is a representative one of thecomputer-readable media of the IHS 100 (including, but not limited to,the computer-readable medium 112). The computer-readable medium 114stores (or encodes, or records, or embodies) functional descriptivematerial (including, but not limited to, software and data structures).Such functional descriptive material imparts functionality when encodedon the computer-readable medium 114. Also, such functional descriptivematerial is structurally and functionally interrelated to thecomputer-readable medium 114.

Within such functional descriptive material, data structures definestructural and functional interrelationships between such datastructures and the computer-readable medium 114 (and other aspects ofthe computer 104 and the IHS 100). Such interrelationships permit thedata structures' functionality to be realized. Also, within suchfunctional descriptive material, software (also referred to as computerprograms or applications) defines structural and functionalinterrelationships between such software and the computer-readablemedium 114 (and other aspects of the computer 104 and the IHS 100). Suchinterrelationships permit the software's functionality to be realized.

For example, the computer 104 reads (or accesses, or copies) suchfunctional descriptive material from the computer-readable medium 114into the memory device of the computer 104, and the computer 104performs its operations (as described elsewhere herein) in response tosuch material, which is stored in the memory device of the computer 104.More particularly, the computer 104 performs the operation of processingsoftware (which is stored, encoded, recorded or embodied on acomputer-readable medium) for causing the computer 104 to performadditional operations (as described elsewhere herein). Accordingly, suchfunctional descriptive material exhibits a functional interrelationshipwith the way in which the computer 104 executes its processes andperforms its operations.

Further, the computer-readable media of the IHS 100 are apparatus fromwhich the software is accessible by the computer 104, and the softwareis processable by the computer 104 for causing the computer 104 toperform such additional operations. In addition to reading suchfunctional descriptive material from the computer-readable medium 114,the computer 104 is capable of reading such functional descriptivematerial from (or through) a network, which is also a computer-readablemedium (or apparatus) of the IHS 100. Moreover, the memory device of thecomputer 104 is itself a computer-readable medium (or apparatus) of theIHS 100.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of an exemplary design flow 800 used forexample, in semiconductor IC logic design, simulation, test, layout, andmanufacture. Design flow 800 includes processes and mechanisms forprocessing design structures to generate logically or otherwisefunctionally equivalent representations of the embodiments shown inFIGS. 4-7. The design structures processed and/or generated by designflow 800 are encodable on machine-readable transmission or storage mediato include data and/or instructions that when executed or otherwiseprocessed on a data processing system generate a logically,structurally, or otherwise functionally equivalent representation ofhardware components, circuits, devices, or systems.

FIG. 8 illustrates multiple such design structures including an inputdesign structure 820 that is preferably processed by a design process810. In one embodiment, design structure 820 is a logical simulationdesign structure generated and processed by design process 810 toproduce a logically equivalent functional representation of a hardwaredevice. In another embodiment, design structure 820 also (oralternatively) includes data and/or program instructions that whenprocessed by design process 810, generate a functional representation ofthe physical structure of a hardware device. Irrespective of whetherrepresenting functional and/or structural design features, designstructure 820 is generable using electronic computer-aided design(“ECAD”), such as implemented by a core developer/designer. When encodedon a machine-readable data transmission or storage medium, designstructure 820 is accessible and processable by one or more hardwareand/or software modules within design process 810 to simulate orotherwise functionally represent an electronic component, circuit,electronic or logic module, apparatus, device, or system, such as thoseshown in FIGS. 4-7. Accordingly, in one example, design structure 820includes files or other data structures, such as human and/ormachine-readable source code, compiled structures, andcomputer-executable code structures, that when processed by a design orsimulation data processing system, functionally simulate or otherwiserepresent circuits or other levels of hardware logic design. Examples ofsuch data structures include hardware-description language (“HDL”)design entities or other data structures conforming to and/or compatiblewith lower-level HDL design languages, such as Verilog and VHDL, and/orhigher level design languages such as C or C++.

Design process 810 preferably employs and incorporates hardware and/orsoftware modules for synthesizing, translating, or otherwise processinga design/simulation functional equivalent of the components, circuits,devices, or logic structures shown in FIGS. 4-7 to generate a netlist880, which may contain design structures such as design structure 820.In one example, netlist 880 includes compiled or otherwise processeddata structures representing a list of wires, discrete components, logicgates, control circuits, I/O devices, models, and the like, whichdescribes the connections to other elements and circuits in anintegrated circuit design. Netlist 880 is synthesizable using aniterative process in which netlist 880 is resynthesized one or moretimes, depending on design specifications and parameters for the device.As with other design structure types described herein, netlist 880 isrecordable on a machine-readable data storage medium. In one embodiment,the medium is a non-volatile storage medium, such as a magnetic oroptical disk drive, a compact flash, or other flash memory. In anotherembodiment, the medium also (or alternatively) includes a system orcache memory, buffer space, or electrically or optically conductivedevices and materials on which data packets are capable of beingtransmitted and intermediately stored via the Internet, or othernetworking suitable mechanism.

In one example, design process 810 includes hardware and softwaremodules for processing a variety of input data structure types,including netlist 880. In one example, such data structure types residewithin library elements 830 and include a set of commonly used elements,circuits, and devices, including models, layouts, and symbolicrepresentations, for a given manufacturing technology (e.g., differenttechnology nodes, 32 nm, 45 nm, 90 nm, and the like). In anotherexample, the data structure types further include design specifications840, characterization data 850, verification data 860, design rules 870,and test data files 885, which are suitable for including input testpatterns, output test results, and other testing information. In anotherexample, design process 810 further includes modules for performingstandard circuit design processes such as timing analysis, verification,design rule checking, place and route operations, and the like.

Design process 810 employs and incorporates well-known logic andphysical design tools, such as HDL compilers and simulation model buildtools to process design structure 820, together with some or all of thedepicted supporting data structures to generate a second designstructure 890. Similar to design structure 820, design structure 890preferably includes one or more files, data structures, or othercomputer-encoded data or instructions that reside on transmission ordata storage media and that when processed by an ECAD system, generate alogically or otherwise functionally equivalent form of one or more ofthe embodiments shown in FIGS. 4-7. In one embodiment, design structure890 includes a compiled, executable HDL simulation model thatfunctionally simulates the devices shown in FIGS. 4-7.

In one example, design structure 890 employs a data format for theexchange of layout data of integrated circuits and/or symbolic dataformat (e.g. information stored in a GDSII (“GDS2”), GL1, OASIS, mapfiles, or any other suitable format for storing such design datastructures). In a further example, design structure 890 includesinformation, such as symbolic data, map files, test data files, designcontent files, manufacturing data, layout parameters, wires, levels ofmetal, vias, shapes, data for routing through the manufacturing line,and any other data processed by semiconductor manufacturing tools tofabricate embodiments as shown in FIGS. 4-7. Design structure 890 isthen suitable for proceeding to a stage 895 where, for example, designstructure 890: proceeds to tape-out, is released to manufacturing, isreleased to a mask house, is sent to another design house, is sent backto the customer, and the like.

Although illustrative embodiments have been shown and described, a widerange of modification, change and substitution is contemplated in theforegoing disclosure and, in some instances, some features of theembodiments may be employed without a corresponding use of otherfeatures. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims beconstrued broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of theembodiments disclosed herein.

1. A design structure in a machine readable storage medium fordesigning, manufacturing, or testing integrated circuitry, the designstructure comprising: first hardware for executing first software inresponse to a plurality of macros that describe the integratedcircuitry, and for generating a set of constants in response to theexecution of the first software; and second hardware, coupled to thefirst hardware, for receiving the set of constants from the firsthardware, and for executing second software in response to the macrosand the set of constants, and for estimating a power consumption of theintegrated circuitry in response to the execution of the secondsoftware.
 2. The design structure of claim 1, wherein the first hardwareis for executing the first software with a general purpose computationalresource.
 3. The design structure of claim 1, wherein the secondhardware is for executing the second software with a special purposecomputational resource.
 4. The design structure of claim 1, wherein thefirst software includes a simulation program with integrated circuitemphasis.
 5. The design structure of claim 1, wherein the secondhardware is for estimating the power consumption of the integratedcircuitry in response to the execution of the second software, accordingto at least one of the following: interpolation in response to the setof constants; and extrapolation in response to the set of constants. 6.The design structure of claim 5, wherein the execution of the secondsoftware includes generating a measure of signals that toggle in a cycleof a simulated operation of the integrated circuitry, in response to themacros, and wherein the second hardware is for estimating the powerconsumption of the integrated circuitry in response to the execution ofthe second software, according to at least one of the following:interpolation in response to the set of constants and the measure ofsignals; and extrapolation in response to the set of constants and themeasure of signals.
 7. The design structure of claim 6, wherein themeasure of signals is a weighted measure of signals, so that differentweights are attributed to one or more of the signals.
 8. The designstructure of claim 5, wherein the execution of the second softwareincludes generating a measure of clock drivers that are active in acycle of a simulated operation of the integrated circuitry, in responseto the macros, and wherein the second hardware is for estimating thepower consumption of the integrated circuitry in response to theexecution of the second software, according to at least one of thefollowing: interpolation in response to the set of constants and themeasure of clock drivers; and extrapolation in response to the set ofconstants and the measure of clock drivers.
 9. The design structure ofclaim 8, wherein the measure of clock drivers is a weighted measure ofclock drivers, so that different weights are attributed to one or moreof the clock drivers.
 10. The design structure of claim 1, wherein thesecond software and the macros are described together by a hardwaredescription language for the execution by the second hardware.
 11. Thedesign structure of claim 1, wherein the design structure comprises anetlist.
 12. The design structure of claim 1, wherein the designstructure resides on a storage medium as a data format for exchange oflayout data of the integrated circuitry.
 13. A hardware descriptionlanguage (“HDL”) design structure encoded on a machine-readable datastorage medium, the HDL design structure comprising elements that whenprocessed in a computer-aided design system, generate amachine-executable representation of integrated circuitry, wherein theHDL design structure comprises: a first element processed to generate afunctional computer-simulated representation of first hardware forexecuting first software in response to a plurality of macros thatdescribe the integrated circuitry, and for generating a set of constantsin response to the execution of the first software; and a second elementprocessed to generate a functional computer-simulated representation ofsecond hardware, coupled to the first hardware, for receiving the set ofconstants from the first hardware, and for executing second software inresponse to the macros and the set of constants, and for estimating apower consumption of the integrated circuitry in response to theexecution of the second software.
 14. The HDL design structure of claim13, wherein the first hardware is for executing the first software witha general purpose computational resource.
 15. The HDL design structureof claim 13, wherein the second hardware is for executing the secondsoftware with a special purpose computational resource.
 16. The HDLdesign structure of claim 13, wherein the first software includes asimulation program with integrated circuit emphasis.
 17. The HDL designstructure of claim 13, wherein the second hardware is for estimating thepower consumption of the integrated circuitry in response to theexecution of the second software, according to at least one of thefollowing: interpolation in response to the set of constants; andextrapolation in response to the set of constants.
 18. The HDL designstructure of claim 17, wherein the execution of the second softwareincludes generating a measure of signals that toggle in a cycle of asimulated operation of the integrated circuitry, in response to themacros, and wherein the second hardware is for estimating the powerconsumption of the integrated circuitry in response to the execution ofthe second software, according to at least one of the following:interpolation in response to the set of constants and the measure ofsignals; and extrapolation in response to the set of constants and themeasure of signals.
 19. The HDL design structure of claim 18, whereinthe measure of signals is a weighted measure of signals, so thatdifferent weights are attributed to one or more of the signals.
 20. TheHDL design structure of claim 17, wherein the execution of the secondsoftware includes generating a measure of clock drivers that are activein a cycle of a simulated operation of the integrated circuitry, inresponse to the macros, and wherein the second hardware is forestimating the power consumption of the integrated circuitry in responseto the execution of the second software, according to at least one ofthe following: interpolation in response to the set of constants and themeasure of clock drivers; and extrapolation in response to the set ofconstants and the measure of clock drivers.
 21. The HDL design structureof claim 20, wherein the measure of clock drivers is a weighted measureof clock drivers, so that different weights are attributed to one ormore of the clock drivers.
 22. The HDL design structure of claim 13,wherein the second software and the macros are described together by ahardware description language for the execution by the second hardware.23. A method in a computer-aided design system for generating afunctional design model of integrated circuitry, the method comprising:generating a functional computer-simulated representation of firsthardware for executing first software in response to a plurality ofmacros that describe the integrated circuitry, and for generating a setof constants in response to the execution of the first software; andgenerating a functional computer-simulated representation of secondhardware, coupled to the first hardware, for receiving the set ofconstants from the first hardware, and for executing second software inresponse to the macros and the set of constants, and for estimating apower consumption of the integrated circuitry in response to theexecution of the second software.
 24. The method of claim 23, whereinthe first hardware is for executing the first software with a generalpurpose computational resource.
 25. The method of claim 23, wherein thesecond hardware is for executing the second software with a specialpurpose computational resource.
 26. The method of claim 23, wherein thefirst software includes a simulation program with integrated circuitemphasis.
 27. The method of claim 23, wherein the second hardware is forestimating the power consumption of the integrated circuitry in responseto the execution of the second software, according to at least one ofthe following: interpolation in response to the set of constants; andextrapolation in response to the set of constants.
 28. The method ofclaim 27, wherein the execution of the second software includesgenerating a measure of signals that toggle in a cycle of a simulatedoperation of the integrated circuitry, in response to the macros, andwherein the second hardware is for estimating the power consumption ofthe integrated circuitry in response to the execution of the secondsoftware, according to at least one of the following: interpolation inresponse to the set of constants and the measure of signals; andextrapolation in response to the set of constants and the measure ofsignals.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the measure of signals is aweighted measure of signals, so that different weights are attributed toone or more of the signals.
 30. The method of claim 27, wherein theexecution of the second software includes generating a measure of clockdrivers that are active in a cycle of a simulated operation of theintegrated circuitry, in response to the macros, and wherein the secondhardware is for estimating the power consumption of the integratedcircuitry in response to the execution of the second software, accordingto at least one of the following: interpolation in response to the setof constants and the measure of clock drivers; and extrapolation inresponse to the set of constants and the measure of clock drivers. 31.The method of claim 30, wherein the measure of clock drivers is aweighted measure of clock drivers, so that different weights areattributed to one or more of the clock drivers.
 32. The method of claim23, wherein the second software and the macros are described together bya hardware description language for the execution by the secondhardware.